É que o teu firewall tá complexo demais, pro nível de experiência que vc tem agora. Cai numa situação dessas, vc não consegue identificar o problema.
Pois é..tem razão.. mas tenho q resolver.. Vou postar meu firewall aqui, se puder me quebrar esse galho. Firewall e squid na mesma máquina. Fora do squid funciona. Com squid não. Uso o WPAD para definir o proxy.
#!/bin/bash
INTERNET="eth0"
REDELOCAL="eth1"
modprobe ip_tables
modprobe iptable_nat
# Politica padrao
iptables -P INPUT DROP
iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
iptables -P FORWARD DROP
# LOG
iptables -A INPUT -j LOG --log-prefix INPUT
iptables -A OUTPUT -j LOG --log-prefix OUTPUT
iptables -A FORWARD -j LOG --log-prefix FORWARD
# Politicas
iptables -A OUTPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
# Redirecionando webgiz
# Redirecionando o WEB para internet
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 189.11.189.11 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8181 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.214:8181
# Redirecionando WEB Interno
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.0/24 -d 192.168.0.214 -j MASQUERADE
###################### FORWARD ##############################
# Liberando o DNS
iptables -A FORWARD -i $REDELOCAL -o $INTERNET -p udp -m multiport --dports 53,5353 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o ssh
iptables -A FORWARD -i $REDELOCAL -o $INTERNET -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o Squid
iptables -A FORWARD -i $REDELOCAL -o $INTERNET -p tcp --dport 3128 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando POP E SMTP - SSL Também
iptables -A FORWARD -i $REDELOCAL -o $INTERNET -p tcp -m multiport --dports 25,110,465,995,587 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o FTP
iptables -A FORWARD -i $REDELOCAL -o $INTERNET -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando Samba
iptables -A FORWARD -i $REDELOCAL -o $INTERNET -p tcp -m multiport --dports 139,445 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i $REDELOCAL -o $INTERNET -p udp -m multiport --dports 137,138 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o LDAP
iptables -A FORWARD -i $REDELOCAL -o $INTERNET -p tcp --dport 389 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i $REDELOCAL -o $INTERNET -p udp --dport 389 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o Apache
iptables -A FORWARD -i $INTERNET -o $REDELOCAL -p tcp --dport 8181 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i $REDELOCAL -o $INTERNET -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando SNMP
iptables -A FORWARD -i $REDELOCAL -p udp --dport 161 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o msn
iptables -A FORWARD -i $REDELOCAL -p tcp --dport 1863 -j ACCEPT
###################### INPUT ################################
# Liberando Samba
iptables -A INPUT -i $REDELOCAL -p tcp -m multiport --dports 139,445 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i $REDELOCAL -p udp -m multiport --dports 137,138 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando ssh
iptables -A INPUT -i $REDELOCAL -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o Squid
iptables -A INPUT -i $REDELOCAL -p tcp --dport 3128 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o Apache
iptables -A INPUT -i $REDELOCAL -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o DNS
iptables -A INPUT -i $REDELOCAL -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i $REDELOCAL -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o DHCP
iptables -A INPUT -i $REDELOCAL -p udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
###################### OUTPUT ################################
# Liberando o Squid
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 3128 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o Dns - Necessario para o Squid
iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m multiport --dports 53,5353 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 53,5353 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o Samba
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 139,445 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m multiport --dports 137,138 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o RNDC
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 953 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o Apache
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
# Liberando o DHCP
iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 68 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
# Compartilhando a internet com a REDELOCAL
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $INTERNET -j MASQUERADE
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
################### Protegendo contra ataques ###############
# Syn Cookyes
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies
# ICMP Broadcasts
# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all
# Mensagens falsas de icmp_error responses
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
# Anti-spoofings
iptables -A INPUT -j DROP -s 10.0.0.0/8 -i $INTERNET
iptables -A INPUT -j DROP -s 127.0.0.0/8 -i $INTERNET
iptables -A INPUT -j DROP -s 172.16.0.0/12 -i $INTERNET
iptables -A INPUT -j DROP -s 192.168.1.0/16 -i $INTERNET
# Syn Flood via modulo limit
# iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --syn -m limit --limit 100/s -j ACCEPT